Chapter+8+Environmental+Health+and+Toxicology

Chapter 8 Powerpoints

 * Color: [|chapt08_lecture.pdf]
 * Black and white for printing: [|chapt08_lecture B&W.pdf]

**Ch 8 homework for JigSaw**
Article Choices: Write a 1 Paragraph summary of your assigned article. Explain main ideas. Write 3-5 interesting facts or thoughts Reflection: What do you think about this article? Revising Learning Questions Weather is causing vectors to be able to live longer and travel further north, new disease are mutating from animals, infections are becoming resistant to antibiotics.
 * 8.1 Environmental Health (1’s)**
 * Rising Threat of Infections Unfazed by Antibiotics (1a)
 * Attacking the Obesity Epidemic by First Figuring Out its Causes (1b)
 * Global Warming may bring more Lyme Disease (1c)
 * Bushmeat Diseases Entering New York (1d)
 * Urban Planning Essential for Public Health (1e)
 * Non-Organic Chicken is Creating Drug-Resistant Diseases (1f)
 * I though it was interesting that…
 * I didn’t know that…
 * I liked that…
 * I did not like that…
 * I wonder…
 * This article makes me think about…
 * 1) How is the global disease burden changing?

Disease are evolving with us and becoming resistant to antibiotics, so doctors need to find new cures but they aren’t able to find them fast enough.
 * 1) Why do infectious emergent diseases still kills millions of people?

It is a study of how environmental changes affect our health and the health of the natural communities that surround us.
 * 1) How does conservation medicine combine ecology and healthcare?

Bacteria and viruses are mutating and forming drug resistant colonies; overuse of antibiotics and pesticides is allowing the organisms to evolve.
 * 1) Why is resistance to drugs, antibiotics, and pesticides increasing?

> In the U.S., employers should pay for healthcare. If someone is not employed, then discounted care should be available to them. Richer countries should donate 5% of GDP to international aid in developing countries.
 * 1) Who should pay for healthcare?


 * 8.2 Toxicology (2s)**
 * Allergens (2a)
 * Endocrine Disrupters (2b)
 * Neurotoxins (2c)
 * Mutagens (2d)
 * Teratogens (2e)
 * Carcinogens (2f)
 * What is it?
 * What causes it?
 * What does it cause?
 * How does it cause it?
 * What is it in?
 * What are its alternatives?
 * __8.2 Toxicology__**


 * How do toxins affect us?**

__Neurotoxin__- poisons, disrupts, and kills nerve cells that are necessary for normal body functions such as swallowing, blinking, breathing, or heart beat. __Mutagens__-can lead to birth defects, tumor growth, and damage to the reproductive system. __Teratogens__-specifically causes damage and abnormalities during embryonic growth and development. __Allergens__-cause allergic reactions such as hives, headaches, dry skin, chronic fatigue, asthma, burning throat sensation, anaphylactic shock, etc. __Carcinogens__-long term exposure leads to out-of-control cell-growth which creates malignant tumors. __Endocrine Disruptors__-causes developmental disorders such as learning disabilities, body deformations, brain development difficulties, and chloracne skin disease, cancer, reproductive difficulties, heart disease, and diabetes


 * How does diet influence health?**

Lots of types of toxins are in pesticides, herbicide, and other things that get into our food and cause all of these health complications when they are ingested or we are exposed to them. People, who have allergies to certain substances, could undergo serious allergic reactions and possible death when consuming these substances. Allergic reactions are often caused by over-consumption of certain foods.

OR > > By: Lea Duncan, Kate Metzemaekers, Julia Fraser, Michelle Gencorelli, Diana Hansen, Rosa Herbawi, Mckenzie Nash, Connie Cung and Jay Healey > > __-How do solubility and mobility determine where and when chemicals move?__ > Solubility determines where chemicals move because it depends whether it is persistent in water, oils or fats. Mobility determines how fast a chemical can move in different places. > > __-How does exposure and susceptibility determine how we can respond to toxins?__ > Dosage, age and duration all influence how susceptible people are to the toxins. Infants and babies, as well as younger children are growing and developing. There immune systems may not be able to fight all of the toxins because they aren’t strong enough. > > __-How does bioaccumulation and biomagnifications increase concentrations of chemicals?__ > Biomagnifications has increased concentration of chemicals as it moves up the trophic levels. The toxins concentration starts at the lowest trophic level and biomagnifies as it moves up the food web. Bioaccumulation has higher concentraions of chemicals, when the organism eats from higher trophic levels. Also as organisms accumulate nutrients, they also store harmful substances that become more concentrated over time. > > __-How does persistence make some materials a greater threat?__ > Persistence depends on whether the toxin is water soluble or oil soluble. Certain substances are more toxic in oil rather then water. > > __-How do chemical interactions increase toxicity?__ > Synergism increases toxicity. Synergism is when different chemicals mix to resolve in a higher overall toxicity. Mathematically, it can be displayed as 2+2=10 because the effects are greater when two toxins are mixed. >
 * 8.3 Movement, Distribution and Fate of Toxins**
 * Summarize Table 8.3 with a real world example
 * Flame retardant (3a)
 * BPA (3b)
 * Dimethicone (3c)
 * Paraben (3d)
 * MBTE (3e)
 * Phalates (2h)
 * Real world example of
 * Biomagnifications & explain (4a&b)
 * Bioaccumulation & explain (4c&d)
 * Synergism & explain (4e&f)
 * Body burden &explain